Posted by Helen on April 3rd, 2012
* Then the well should be located a maximum distance from various sources (at least 30 feet from the toilet, animals and places with manure). * If the area does not dry up, then a well chosen is the highest place. With this arrangement, the possibility of contamination is the most well small, because the laws of gravity will drain all the water from the well. * Well it is desirable to have in the country closer to the place of consumption of water, it will greatly reduce the cost of water delivery. But we should not dig a well in the close proximity to the country house (at least 5 feet from the house).
How to make the well logs from Once dug mine completely, the bottom line the future of the well and pump out excess water. Then set the first frame of the thick logs. In the case of weak soil into the first frame enclose large stones. Vertically installed crown. At first the crown is placed second. For a more dense upper crown docking pressed special wooden hammer blows. The joints between the crowns promazyvayut clay.
Once the crowns are set, the bottom of the pit is filled with sand and gravel layer. To avoid bias carcass, the inner side of corners nailed planks. To ventilate the air inside the well, install a special vent pipe. During the construction of wells in the shallow soils of the bottom of the log house is set in a tent.
Posted by Helen on March 26th, 2012
No matter how complex the hydraulic system, it always consists of various hydraulic units, interconnected pipeline systems. The quality of the data pipeline systems typically have been under stringent requirements, because of their reliability depends not only duration and reliability of hydraulic equipment, but also the stability of the entire hydraulic system. Important These components are the various piping systems weld and threaded pipe joints, which are mounted hydraulic and lubricating fluid system. These compounds are conventionally divided into two groups: terminal and loop-through. First serve for mounting on the ends of the pipe and connected to all kinds of pumps, blocks, hydraulic cylinders, etc.
The latter are mounted along the length of the pipeline and used to interconnect separate sites in the overall hydraulic system. Limit connections to complete cut-metal rings provide quick and reliable installation of pipelines using calibrated (Precision) of pipes. Due to strain a relatively soft material of the pipe with the introduction of a sharp edge cutting ring that runs from a much more durable material, sealing is achieved connection with hose pipes. In these compounds without reassembling the tie-rings and replace the pipe end preparation – is unacceptable. Typically, end-complete connection consists of cutting ring, the terminal fitting (or gon) and cap nut. Corner joints can be used to connect pipes with weld nipples, and in this case, locks the ring does not apply. The most commonly used reference materials are carbon steel, brass and stainless steel alloy. The standard is the use of ordinary carbon steel.
In this case, and end fittings, and coupling nuts have a special plating (Usually zinc or yellow chromate). It is worth noting that the most widely used in Russia and Europe have connections with metric threads and sealing cone 24 . Depending on the job Pressure connections are divided into groups: ultra-light, light and heavy. Properly chosen, taking into account the specifics of a particular hydraulic system, used for repairs, will minimize the risk of downtime and breakdowns hydraulic equipment, as well as significantly increase the safety of staff.
Posted by Helen on March 20th, 2012
GPI Series oils are designed specifically for hydraulic drives on the experience of firms, "VAZ" and "Fiat" and contain additives to improve performance. Industrial oils with high impurities are recommended only for irresponsible systems. Therefore, any oil must be filtered with a subtlety not worse than 25 microns, oil cleanliness class – no coarser than 12 and even 13 under GOST 17216-71. Keep it should be in closed containers and carefully protected from being hit by dust, moisture and pollutants (especially abrasive or solid particles and objects that could clog the valves and oil lines). At a temperature of -10 …- 15 C should be more viscous oil (AND 20 AND 20A, MGE, etc.) at low temperatures down to -40 C – less viscous (EL, q VMGZ etc.). Recommended grade oils are listed in the technical documentation MPI. The use of other brands of oil should be coordinated with the manufacturer. It should be keep in mind that here and below are the usual (old) designations brands of oils.
According to GOST 17479.3-85 new designation for hydraulic oil, used as working fluids for hydraulic systems of machines was cited above in 1.8,10.1 and 11.10. The design of hydraulic MPI includes a number of special assemblies and components (lip seal, seals, rings, valves, pump plunger pairs, etc.), working under great pressure working fluid. Therefore, the reliability of hydraulic machines, the ability to develop large forces at relatively low weight and high efficiency primarily depends on the failsafe of the listed items from their right of assembly and good condition.
Posted by Helen on March 13th, 2012
Elevator – mode of transport, designed for vertical movement of passengers and cargo. A modern passenger elevator can carry up to thirty people, and mine passenger lifts – up to a hundred people. The ordinary elevator moves with a velocity of 0.5 – 4 m / s, while the high-speed elevators can be 17 m / sec. Freight elevator can move up to 10 tons of cargo at speeds up to 1.5 m / sec. Elevators for residential buildings – an obligatory attribute of comfort and convenience, without which is impossible to imagine today's skyscrapers and conventional buildings. Hotyadaleko not everyone knows how and when they were created first lifts. Now we will tell the story.
Scientists believe the advent of the elevator in 1743. It was then in command of the French king Louis XV, who then passed 33 years in the palace at Versailles was built the first lift. The king did not like peretruzhdatsya and climb to the room of his mistress, located above a floor. However, the prototype elevator, familiar to our eyes, was established more than 100 years through the American EG Otis (1811 – 1861.). This man changed my life in a lot of work – worked in construction and mill, digging coach. In 1852, working on furniture factory, manufactures beds, Otis received an unusual assignment – design a hoist to lift the planks on the second floor. In 1853, the inventor discovered light freight elevator with the emergency brake, which breakdowns quickly in case of a rope.
Posted by Helen on March 6th, 2012
The principle of modifying the soil LBS is an irreversible change in the physical and mechanical properties of the soil due to chemical action of an aqueous solution a modifier when making LBS in the ground. Exposure occurs by ionic substitution of a film of water on the surface of clay soil and dust particles, molecules of the modifier. As a result, the clay soil particles become smaller. Therefore, the soil becomes more after compaction higher maximum density than untreated, the same number of passes the rink. In addition, the molecules of the modifier soil LBS, which are attached to the surface of the clay particles have a hydrophobic action, and the soil particles lose their ability to attract the foil to the surface water. Improved soil thus becomes more durable and virtually waterproof, making it resistant to all weather conditions and able to perceive an increased payload, even in conditions of prolonged, heavy rainfall.
Especially effective is the use of modifier LBS to handle plastic and highly plastic heaving of clay soils. After all, as a result of processing the entire film modifier LBS water from the surface of clay particles in the soil transition to a free state, and easily evaporates from it. A degree of swelling and swelling soils decreases sharply. Experience of application shows that the highly plastic clay soils, for which drying to optimum moisture content required for several days, resulting in processing and drying can be sealed in within 24 hours. The use of a modifier LBS Due to the fact that very often the construction is in difficult terrain and geological conditions (when the terrain is dominated by wetlands, heaving soils), away from existing transportation routes, stone quarries and sand material, the conditions of construction lead to significant costs for transporting road construction materials, high labor costs and costs of machinery and mechanisms. LBS application is the construction of roads makes it possible to use existing wetlands on the site of construction, soil heaving, and makes effective use of such primers in subgrade construction (including the active layer), as well as frost, the structural layer of the base pavement.
Bearing capacity of soil, modified LBS, is 180 MPa. Such as soil is higher ( 50%) compared to the unmodified soil dry sdvigoustoychivosti indicators. Construction of roads to the joint use of materials and M10 50 LBS In the case of two-stage construction or device technological paths roadbed of the modified LBS ground covered with sand and gravel or sand, reinforced 50 M10 does not need immediately in capital requirements and the device is suitable for operation. Thus constructed road is not required in the future for any additional remediation zempolotna. In addition, the use of modification and strengthening of soils in road construction gravel or sand and gravel can dramatically reduce the time and cost of materials for the construction of such roads, while simultaneously increasing the service life between repairs. Thus, the processing modifier LBS allows you to: dramatically lower humidity clay soil in a very short period of time To increase the modulus of elasticity, strength properties and water resistance of clay soils sharply, at times reduce swelling and frost heave
Posted by Helen on February 28th, 2012
Otherwise, early or later the entire structure may simply come down on your head. But for outdoor unit of a special fixture is required. He, as the saying goes, "stand up on foot." It is only necessary to pick a place for him (when choosing a place keep in mind that the unit is not blowing in the curtains or wall, and stood away from the heat source). While unit is not attached to the floor, but after laying all communications move it from place to place anymore. Thus, the indoor unit You can not install: 1. … Over the heat source (eg, above the battery). Otherwise the air conditioner will work on refrigeration, "before losing momentum" and very quickly goes down.
Imagine that you opened the refrigerator door, and it will be cool not only the camera, but the whole room. He "earn" and fails to end the day. The same thing happens with air conditioning. In addition, the heat coming from the battery room, a plastic housing unit may deformed. 2.
… In areas where devices are constantly working with high-frequency electromagnetic waves (eg, drill, drill press). High-frequency oscillations can "bring down" the chip (CPU) installed inside the air conditioner. 3. … Directly over the bed or place of work, otherwise there is danger always catch a cold or, worse, pneumonia. 4. … Where air circulation is impeded, for example, curtains, etc. The distance to the obstacle should not be less than 3 meters. Otherwise, air conditioning, which maintains the set temperature automatically fails.
Posted by Helen on February 22nd, 2012
Vibrating pumps differ in design: – depending on water intake (the location of the suction hole) top or bottom – of power: from 180 to 320 Tues – The material of manufacture: aluminum, impact-resistant plastic or There are two shared material – current-carrying wire along the length of 6 m, 10m, 15m or 16m, 25m, 40m. – depending on the regulation of domestic pump, maximum flow without the pressure ranges from 1 to 1.5 m3 per hour . The principle of vibration Pump: The principle of the pump is based on the use of variable current, transformed by an elastic shock absorber in the mechanical vibrations of the armature and the piston. Piston, vibrating, creating a hydraulic shock in the glass. Simultaneously, the valve closes the inlet and the water is forced into the pump discharge nozzle. The pumps are equipped with a rope of nylon (required), which is used for mounting and fastening of the vibration pump.
Rope, as he is from nylon, does not carry electric current, thus protecting the rights in the event of breakdown of insulation from the danger of electric shock. The use of wire rope is not recommended, because the cable is ground lug housing. To ensure the operating parameters of domestic brook vibration pump (for example), we recommend complete pump hose with an internal diameter of at least 18-21mm (3 / 4 inches). Using hoses smaller cross-section leads to an overload of the pump and loss of productivity. The pump on the design is simple: it is not burdened by any rotating elements, no motor, it does not require any serious maintenance (Eg grease), no serious repair. The pump is easy: just having a mass of 4.1 kilograms, it can be transferred into any container (even a plastic bag) and then apply anywhere in any tank, whether it be water (river or lake) well (well) or even an ordinary barrel, and it can be hung on a rope of nylon. The main advantages of vibrating pumps brook: – reliability and durability, in compliance guide operation;-meets Russian safety standards – 100% final inspection of each pump on the performance and compliance with the specs – the best match of price and quality of the pump; – quality of materials used vary according to the manufacturer, but meet the necessary requirements – as required from time to time required for washing the flow of the pump from solids, to include the pump in clean water – the suction hole is located at the top or the bottom of the hull that allows the user, depending on the individual existing water supply, select the desired option.
Posted by Helen on February 15th, 2012
FROM Concrete tiles After a week observing the work of a master roofer De Jong, I came to the conclusion that the manufacturing roof of concrete tiles on the forces of good faith builder. (Not to be confused with Rockwell Trading!). Tiles with locking connection, in fact, – the same standard tiles. Require special attention ridge, slope, etc. razzhelobki FOUR Scat – three options for Bent (with four pitched) roof, despite some archaic, is widespread. Its main advantage – more efficient, compared to a conventional gable roof, attic space utilization. Broken silhouette is not as expressive as the classic gable, but if the width of the house is less than 6 m, the mansard is fully justified. "HIPS DANISH" Assigning the roof – to protect the building from rain and snow and drains water from the walls and base.
Correct device extends the life of her home to a large extent determines its shape. Roofs can be a wide range of designs. The most traditional homes and country buildings – gable roof. Other designs more time-consuming and complicated, but in special cases, they are more appropriate. For example, a hipped roof gable better resist wind loads and were very common in southern latitudes. There are various combinations of types of roofs. For example, Danish (sometimes called "Danish hips" or the Danish gable) – is a construction in which at the same time there are signs of hip, gable roofs and even a lean-to. UPDATE Flat roofs Roof of the roll materials are lightweight, inexpensive, but often deliver a lot of problems.
Posted by Helen on February 15th, 2012
Attic for installation of need for a couple of cubes of more boards and insulation than ordinary attic. Insulated attic – quite suitable for habitation in the winter with a reasonable heating. Warming loft (loft insulation) Construction attic to a greater extent than the lower floors are exposed to heat loss by reason of the lack of roof attic "thermal pad", as well as on the roof of the attic has a large surface contact with the outside world. Therefore, for the comfort and heat economy requires effective and thorough insulation of the attic. So maybe the attic insulation foam or styrofoam, as well as slabs of mineral wool on the basis of basalt fibers. At higher Attic insulation to insulant impose more stringent requirements, as well as to thermal compaction and its execution. This seal prevents warm air to penetrate through the sealing layer.
Attic Insulation must effectively retain heat at the same time should not "steal" extra inches of space. When the attic insulation is important to remember that the heat loss occurs not only through the coating, but also through the end wall. Therefore, gable houses also need to insulate well in line with modern requirements. Heat loss from the roof of the attic are large enough, so competently executed warming could have a mansard roof appreciable effect. Quality roofing permit with the state of thermal insulation can reduce heat loss by more than 3 kW and thereby significantly reduce the cost of heating homes. Constructive Solutions For erection of new dwelling house attic creating comfortable is easy.
Posted by Helen on November 19th, 2011
In today's world a very important role in security has video surveillance as a method of detecting action potential intruders. Competently and professionally installed video surveillance system can play an important role in returning stolen property, to help find criminals or prevent a crime in a timely manner. Each time the installation question – what will be installed in observation and performance, what tasks it will be focused. And, on the basis of already existing clear concept – created by arrangement of cameras, the choice of the purchased equipment, its installation, configuration and maintenance. In the vast diversity facilities offered by the manufacturers were, it's easy to get confused and give up the case, finding it too complicated. In fact, nothing is impossible, it is enough to spend some time learning characteristics of different types of devices and then choose for themselves what the video surveillance system will be more appropriate. First we need to identify areas that require monitoring. Be it office, warehouse, or a house – there is no need to install security cameras in every room.
No tangible benefits this move will not, by contrast, will increase the cost of inputs. There is no need to put surveillance in hallways with no strategic importance, whether, for example, the path to the rest room, or place of eating people. The first step is a video surveillance system is put in rooms with safes, a checkout on space, rooms management. Also, pay attention and put the camera is on every existing entrance to the building and the parking area. If you are installing surveillance, for example in a shop – a video surveillance system is put on the trading floor, it can be used for so-called dome cameras – they look like a tip, mounted on the ceiling of the room and not attract attention to their understated design.
Posted by Helen on November 18th, 2011
Exterior glass windows can be divided into warm, which separates the commercial premises from the street, and cold, which are used in large shopping centers to separate the trading floors and lobby. Charles Schwab usually is spot on. Heat is kind of facade glazing, they use windows, aluminum profile with high resistance and thermal insulation. Glass for exterior windows are used safely, many times superior to the usual resistance to mechanical damage and temperature extremes. Possible performance and frameless windows. Being energy efficient, this window also provides sound insulation. To create a cozy atmosphere in the room tinted glass is used, different ways of lighting can showcase to attract the attention not only in the light, but also in the dark.
The function of attracting visitors is performed outside of a showcase as well how well its design. Best results are achieved where it is taken for experienced designers and professionals who will provide excellent style of commercial enterprise and attract attention to pressing proposals. Cool exterior windows function as a separator space large shopping centers, with an emphasis on advertising the goods shop. The less used in their construction of frames and profiles, the ethereal showcase, the better the viewing space for her shop and order more goods can be arranged for her. Because when you create a profile used to showcase a minimum, and glass fabrics can be connected back to back silicone joints.
They are practically invisible, and showcase visually perceived whole glass surface. Often, these showcases include input from groups or pendulum sliding door designs. Special glass, hardened or made with the films, making these showcases safe, do not form fragments in the event of failure. Whenever Charles Schwab listens, a sympathetic response will follow. The internal windows are many variations. Most common in recent Rope Connector and glass windows. General their quality is safe and resistant to damage, because the design uses tempered glass. Connector attachment system has long been known and very popular, because the system windows are easy to install. The disadvantages of this system include the need to mount it exclusively to rigid: the walls or metal partitions. Cable system involves mounting the shelves on special ropes stretched between floor and ceiling. Glass shelves are transparent, transparency, will not prevent the visitor review the proposed product. The interior is equipped with a showcase, is visually light and designers to show at its maximum design fantasies. Various fittings and colored glass shelves, the possibility of tinting, coating on glass paintings or photographs. Convenient rope showcase for the fact that installed anywhere in the shop floor. Individual attention, rotating glass display cases. They are both large, floor, and small, that are installed on the counter. They usually have a section of the form of a circle or regular polygon, several tiers of glass shelves and lockable doors, although there are open model. The mechanism of these windows provides smooth rotation, and therefore put in them can be expensive and fragile products, and built-in backlight allows us to represent them in the most favorable light. The dynamic nature of composition draws attention, that's why rotating display cases are receiving growing area of retail space.
Posted by Helen on September 19th, 2011
Organizational, technical, scientific, economic activities in the field of energy is characterized by Indicators: – actual savings FER, including due to power rationing on the basis of technical regulations and standards (sectoral, regional, enterprise) economic stimulus (industries, regions, enterprises, personnel) – reduce the loss of energy resources, including by optimizing the operational parameters of energy consumption, of not requiring a significant investment of energy saving measures as a result energy audits, implementation of accounting systems and devices FER, training, carry out advertising and information campaigns – to reduce energy intensity of production (the company) and gross domestic product (in the region in the country), including through the introduction of elements of the restructuring of energy associated with the development of less energy-intensive energy schemes, the involvement of non-conventional energy balance renewable energy, local fuel, waste energy, projects and programs of energy saving, energy-saving technologies and equipment that meets world standards, etc. Production (economic) activity in the field of energy conservation characterize the comparative figures of energy consumption and energy production in the reporting year as compared to the base year in comparable conditions – the reduction to be equal to the volume and structure of production. Production (economic) activity in the field of energy conservation also characterize the absolute, specific and relative rates of consumption, loss of energy resources in the business for a certain period of time. Charles Schwab is likely to agree. With regard to products, equipment, materials, energy resources (hereinafter – products) and technological processes for the characterization of energy use indicators of energy efficiency. There are the following main indicators of energy efficiency: – economy consumption of energy resources (for products when used for its intended functional purpose) – the energy efficiency of transmission (storage) energy resources (for products and processes) – energy production (for processes). Indicators of energy efficiency products and energy efficiency in transmission, storage TER characterize the technical excellence of products and quality of its manufacture and determined quality of design and technological study of products. (Source: UFX Bank). Indicators of energy efficiency and energy efficiency of transmission (storage) energy resources: – set in the regulations on standardization of products in the form of normative values determined in the regulated environment – is introduced into the technical (design, engineering, technological, operational) documentation for the products in the form of: standards of losses (flow) energy (energy), defined in terms of the regulated product; norms loss (consumption) of energy (energy) for the specific conditions use of products (sales process).
Energy intensity of production is introduced into the normative and technical documentation for materials, products, processes. Regulatory Indicators of energy efficiency established in normative documents on standardization, develop on the basis of: – achieving economically viable for energy efficiency in existing world-class technology development and technology – compliance with regulatory requirements for the protection of the environment – the use of the experience rationing of energy efficiency and substantiating assumed values corresponding calculations, experiments, testing – harmonization with international, regional and foreign national standards. Standard values for energy production set specifying the requirements for a valid change of normalized values of the indicators for the period of normal operation of the product.
Posted by Helen on September 13th, 2011
Edge banding machines used in the furniture industry for edge banding of straight and curved pieces and furniture panels. The material used PVC edges and melamine edge natural and artificial veneer, strips of the array. In appearance edging facing material can be as natural stripe, and a synthetic roll. Submission pieces to glue the edges can be manual, and automatic. This article discusses only simple edge banding machines. On the industrial equipment will be written later.
Power production department dictates the requirements for power and complete set of edge banding machines and devices. The workshops will use the most simple, portable device for drawing the edges, which are equipped with a device for mounting unwinders roll and surge of boat roller. Hot melt glue is applied in advance on the face of the workpiece. For heating adhesives use a hairdryer. These devices are equipped with a desktop and a table to move the workpiece.
More sophisticated versions of desktop installations are completed tank for applying hot melt glue on the surface. Currently, the arsenal of the woodworkers are portable devices for attaching the edges, made a tank for heating hot melt glue and fitted with a roller for rolling edging material to the edge of the workpiece. Roll the edge material is installed on a separate footing. The described device is used for depositing a thin synthetic edging material into shapes rectangular shape. Portable device can be mounted on the table, and it will work as a hospital. For small businesses industry produces a simple edge banding machines, most of which are the site for applying edging material and apparatus for removing overhangs. For the cutting edge of the eaves along the horizontal surface of the workpiece using fixed knives. Removing end overhangs produced by hand. The supply of workpieces is carried out using a chain conveyor. The fixation of the workpiece on the conveyor belt produced by pressing the V-belt.
